Streets

Sec. 12.3. Streets

b. All Other Public Streets

(1) New Streets

The right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. required to accommodate the proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. shall be dedicated The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency., with the remainder reserved The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency.. The applicant shall be required to install improvements sufficient to service traffic demands of proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land..

(2) Existing Streets

The applicant shall dedicate The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency. or reserve The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency. additional right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. and install improvements as required to serve proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land.. Other improvements shall be installed according to the City Public Works Reference Guide for Development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. or NCDOT standards, as applicable.

3. Right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. dedication The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency. shall be for the purposes of conformance to adopted plans or for the accommodation of other public purposes such as but not limited to streets, sidewalks, bicycle facilities, and utilities. Dedication The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency. of right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. that does not satisfy, or aid in satisfying, an identified public purpose shall not be shown or approved on any applicable site plan An accurately scaled development plan that shows existing conditions on a site as well as depicting details of proposed development. or plat A map, chart or plan of a tract or parcel of land which is to be or which has been, subdivided..

B. Grades and Curves

Proposed streets shall be designed in accordance with the standards and specifications of the City Public Works Department or NCDOT, as applicable.

C. Intersections

1. Street intersections shall be as nearly at right angles as possible with no intersection angle less than the minimum established by the City Transportation Department or NCDOT, as applicable.

2. Offset intersections shall only be allowed on streets which cannot be aligned, and shall be separated by a minimum distance determined by the City Transportation Department or NCDOT, as applicable, considering possible signalization, necessary storage, and sight distance, as well as other design constraints.

3. Adequate sight distances shall be provided at all intersections between streets and at driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. intersections with streets.

4. Property lines at corners of all intersecting streets shall, as a minimum, be established as the hypotenuse of a triangle with each leg having a length of at least 20 feet or as required by the City Transportation Department or NCDOT along both street rights-of-way.

D. Sight Triangles

1. Intersections and Corner Lots

At intersecting streets, a sight triangle shall be established. The sight triangle shall be formed by connecting two points along the pavement edges or the extended lines of the pavement edges, 25 feet from where those extended lines meet.

2. Driveways

For any driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access., a sight triangle measuring ten feet from the back of curb and extending 70 feet from the edge of each side of the driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. shall be required.

3. Design Standards

Within the sight triangle, no materials which would impede traffic visibility shall be allowed. Structures, fences and plant materials that extend into the sight triangle between two and one half feet and eight feet in height, as measured from the grade A land disturbing activity that modifies the contours of the land. of the street or drive, shall not be allowed.

4. Alternative Dimensions

Alternative dimensions shall be approved by the City Transportation Director or designee if the proposed dimensions will function as adequately as or better than standard Ordinance dimensions. The alternative dimensions shall be sealed by a qualified design professional, and designed utilizing the following criteria based upon industry standards such as, but not limited to, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (commonly known as the AASHTO green book); Traffic Engineering Handbook by the Institute of Transportation Engineers; or Roundabouts: An Informational Guide by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration.

a. Street width The horizontal distance between the side lines of a street, measured at right angles to the side lines.;

b. Posted speed limits;

c. Stopping position;

d. Field obstructions When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream.;

e. Horizontal and vertical curves;

f. Travel direction (one-way vs. two-way streets); and

g. Traffic control measures (signals, roundabouts, etc.).

E. Cul-de-sac Streets

Cul-de-sac A short street having only one end open to traffic and the other being permanently terminated with a vehicular turn-around provided. streets shall not be longer than 800 feet and shall be terminated by a circular right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. having a minimum diameter of 92 feet or an approved alternative turnaround as determined by the City Transportation Director or NCDOT, or appropriate designees. The length of cul-de-sac A short street having only one end open to traffic and the other being permanently terminated with a vehicular turn-around provided. streets shall be measured from the centerline of the bulb to the edge of pavement at the nearest intersection.

F. Stub Outs

1. Unless exempted below, stub outs The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. shall be required on each side (as defined by each of the cardinal directions) of a development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. as follows:

Table 1
Lineal Stub Out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. Requirement (Feet)	Applicable Zoning Districts
At least one stub out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. for every 650 linear feet on any single side of a proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land.	RU-M, RC (20 max); RS-M(D) (18 max); PDR (above 8.000); CSD; MU; CD; DD; CI; CN
At least one stub out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. for every 1,000 linear feet on any single side of a proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land.	RU-5 (8 max); RS-M (8 max); RS-8 (5 max); PDR (below 8); OI; CG; CC
At least one stub out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. for every 1,000 linear feet on any single side of a proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land.	RR; RS-20 (2 max); RS-10 (4 max); I; IL; IP; SRP; UC

2. Stub outs shall not be required if:

a. Adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. existing development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. has not made any accommodation for such connections; or

b. Adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. sites are permanently protected from development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. through conservation easements A grant by a property owner for use by the public, a corporation or persons of an area of land for specific purposes. or ownership that precludes development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land.; or

c. The only point of access would require crossing floodplains, steep slopes, or other similar natural features; or

d. The existing street pattern in the area of the proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. already provides for vehicular connections at intervals no greater than one-half mile apart in the Rural Tier, one-quarter mile apart in the Suburban Tier, or one-fifth mile apart in the Urban Tier.

3. Connections

The proposed street layout in new development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. shall be coordinated with the existing street system with connections made at all stub outs The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network.. Stub outs shall be built to the edge of the site.

a. Alternatives to building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. to the edge of the site are allowed per the following:

(1) A determination is made by NCDEQ that prevents the full construction of the stub, in which case the stub shall be constructed to the extent allowed by NCDEQ. The following shall also be required:

(a) A payment-in-lieu for the remainder of the stub out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. shall be provided pursuant to the requirements of the City’s Reference Guide for Development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land..

(b) Construction and slope easements A grant by a property owner for use by the public, a corporation or persons of an area of land for specific purposes., and the right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. required to build the stub out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network., shall be dedicated The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency..

(2) Any other request to modify this requirement will require a variance A grant of relief to a person from the requirements of this Ordinance which permits construction or use in a manner otherwise prohibited by this Ordinance where specific enforcement would result in unnecessary hardship. for the minimum modification necessary to provide relief, per Sec. 3.16, Variance A grant of relief to a person from the requirements of this Ordinance which permits construction or use in a manner otherwise prohibited by this Ordinance where specific enforcement would result in unnecessary hardship.. If a variance A grant of relief to a person from the requirements of this Ordinance which permits construction or use in a manner otherwise prohibited by this Ordinance where specific enforcement would result in unnecessary hardship. is approved, the following shall also be required:

(a) A payment in lieu of construction shall be required pursuant to the requirements of the City’s Reference Guide for Development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land..

b. Where no full connection can be made as a result of the topography of the site being developed Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land., the developer Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. shall install a cul-de-sac A short street having only one end open to traffic and the other being permanently terminated with a vehicular turn-around provided. bulb or other turnout facility at the stub out The extension of a street to an external property line to facilitate future roadway connection and reduce traffic impacts on the road network. constructed according to the City of Durham Reference Guide for Development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land...

4. Street Connection Notice Sign

A four square foot sign Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. that reads “Future Street Connection” shall be place at the center of the terminus of the street stub, facing oncoming traffic, and measuring five to six feet in height from the ground. The sign Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. shall comply with any applicable City of Durham Department of Transportation, NCDOT, and MUTCD standards.

G. Alleys

Alleys A strip of land, either publicly or privately owned, that is set aside primarily for vehicular service access to the rear or side of properties otherwise abutting on a street. shall be permitted and designed in accordance with design criteria established by the City or NCDOT, as applicable.

H. Reserve Strips Controlling Access

The reservation The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency. of private property strips of too narrow a depth to permit development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. as a means of controlling access to public ways shall not be permitted.

I. Frontage Roads and Access Streets

Where a development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. abuts or contains a controlled or limited access right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility., whether existing or proposed, an access street or frontage road See “Street, Public” and “Street, Private.” shall be required.

12.3.2. Street Names

A. General

1. The provisions of this section shall apply to the initial naming and renaming pursuant to Sec. 3.25, Street Naming and Renaming.

2. Extensions of existing, named streets shall bear the existing street name.

3. Except for the naming or renaming of a street or right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. with a full or proper name, the Planning Director or designee, in consultation with the Durham Emergency Communications Center, shall be the approving authority for initial street names, or as provided by NCDOT procedures for right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. under NCDOT control.

a. Except for a full or proper name, the initial naming of a right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. or driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access., as allowed in this section, shall be reviewed for approval on a final plat The final map of all or a portion of a subdivision which is presented for final approval..

b. Approval of a full or proper name street name shall require approval by the applicable governing body, and NCDOT if applicable.

c. Approval of a street renaming shall be pursuant to Sec. 3.25, Street Naming and Renaming.

B. Public or Private Streets

A street name shall be established for a public street or a private street.

C. Townhouses and Pedestrian Malls

A street name can be established for a driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. allowed for access within a townhouse A building made up of three or more attached dwelling units (except when otherwise allowed) where each unit is on an individual lot and the units are lined up in a row and share side walls. or detached rowhouse development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. under paragraph 12.2.2B.2.b. above, and for a pedestrian mall A public or private, improved area intended for public pedestrian and non-motor use that is permanently preserved for such use through limited easements or rights of enforcement granted to the City, or other similar legal techniques. under paragraph 16.4.3C, Pedestrian Malls A public or private, improved area intended for public pedestrian and non-motor use that is permanently preserved for such use through limited easements or rights of enforcement granted to the City, or other similar legal techniques.. Establishing a name shall not result in circumventing development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. requirements for private streets, sidewalks, street trees, or other items.

D. Rules for Names

The following rules shall apply for approval of any new street name.

1. Names submitted for approval of a new development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. shall be limited to only the number of names needed for the development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land.. No extra names shall be reserved The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency. for future applications.

2. Names shall only be used for the project for which they were approved and shall not be used for other locations or projects.

3. Approval of names includes the approval of the spelling. A variation from the approved spelling shall not be allowed.

4. Each street name shall consist of at least two parts: the primary name and the street suffix type. The approval of the street suffix is part of the street name approval. Street suffixes shall only be from the official USPS list.

5. A street suffix shall not be part of, or come before, a primary name.

Commentary: For example, “LEAFY DRIVE ROAD See “Street, Public” and “Street, Private.”” would not be approved because “Drive” is a suffix used as a part of the primary name. “AVENUE OF AMERICAS” places the suffix before the primary name, and is therefore not approvable.

6. Streets shall have unique names, including primary names and suffixes.

a. Names shall not duplicate, or approximate or vary, an existing name in spelling or pronunciation.

Commentary: For example, “MAIN STREET” is an existing name, therefore “MANE STREET,” “MAINE STREET,” and “MAIN DRIVE” would not be approved.

b. The prohibition on duplicate or approximate names shall apply to a component of a name.

Commentary: For example, OAKS DRIVE, OAK RIDGE DRIVE, and OAK PLEASANT DRIVE all contain “Oak” as the primary name or a component of the primary name.

c. Words or names which are difficult to pronounce, and words in which the pronunciation is different than spelling, and therefore may cause confusion for citizens, users, and service providers, shall not be used.

d. Full names or proper names shall only be approved by the applicable governing body.

7. Cardinal directions shall not be used in a manner that is inconsistent with the current addressing system, or in a manner that would cause confusion.

Commentary: For example, EAST APPALACHIA DRIVE would not be approved if there were no corresponding WEST/NORTH/SOUTH APPALACHIA DRIVE. Additionally, a directional name will not be approved as a standalone name in a location that is contrary to the directional portion of the name. For example, NORTH COAST ROAD See “Street, Public” and “Street, Private.” would not be appropriate along the south shores of Jordan Lake.

8. Additional Restrictions

a. Numbers, spelled out or symbolized, shall not be used in the street name.

b. Abbreviations or acronyms shall not be used in the street name.

c. Special characters such as hyphens, symbols, apostrophes or other punctuation, or signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. shall not be used as characters in the street name.

d. Extensions or conjunctions shall not be used in the street name.

e. The maximum length for street names shall be twenty characters.

12.3.3. Street Signs and Markers

A. Standard street name signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. shall be installed at one corner of all street intersections, including private streets and named driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. allowed for access within townhouse A building made up of three or more attached dwelling units (except when otherwise allowed) where each unit is on an individual lot and the units are lined up in a row and share side walls. or detached rowhouse developments Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. under paragraph 12.2.2B.2.b above. The size, design, materials, location, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of the signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. and poles within the public right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. and elsewhere shall be in accordance with City Transportation Department or NCDOT standards, as applicable. The developer Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. or owner Any person having charge of any real property according to the records held by the Register of Deeds. of a private street or a common area in which a named driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. is located shall be responsible for permanent maintenance as well as fabrication and installation.

B. Signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. denoting the beginning and ending of public maintenance shall also be erected and maintained on private streets and shall be required on named driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. allowed for access within townhouse A building made up of three or more attached dwelling units (except when otherwise allowed) where each unit is on an individual lot and the units are lined up in a row and share side walls. or detached rowhouse developments Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. under paragraph 12.2.2B.2.b above that intersect with the public right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility.. All such signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. shall conform to the street name sign Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. requirements of paragraph A above.

C. Signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. denoting the right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. boundaries of dedicated The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency. or reserved The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency., unopened streets shall be erected and maintained according to City or County standards.

12.3.4. Street Lights

Street lighting, as required for traffic safety and property security, shall be installed in conformance with City Transportation Department or NCDOT policies, as applicable. The design, materials, location, and installation shall conform to all applicable City Transportation Department or NCDOT standards, and applicable public utility A business or service that provides the public with electricity, gas, water and sewer service, telephone or cable television service. A wireless communication facility, unless regulated as a public utility by State or federal regulations, shall not be considered a public utility. standards, including appropriate separation from street trees.